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Polonia (Wagner)
''Polonia'' (WWV 39) is a concert overture written by Richard Wagner. Wagner completed ''Polonia'' in 1836, although it may have been drafted as early as 1832.〔Anon, "(Wagner's Early Overtures )", ''Musical Times'', 1 February 1905 , accessed 7 March 2015〕 It was premiered in Magdeburg, with the composer conducting, on March 29, 1836.
Wagner's biographer Ernest Newman wrote that the overture was "shapeless and frothy...the oddest mixture of a pseudo-Polish idiom and the cheap assertive melody of ''Rienzi''".〔Newman, Ernest. "(Some Unknown and Little-Known Works of Wagner )", ''Musical Times'', 1 March 1914 , accessed 7 March 2015〕 The critic Adrian Courleonis has commented that "''Polonia'' 's coarse-grained excitement, which may at first seem audacious, looms as merely clumsy ... well before its run halfway through its dozen-minute course, the curious compulsion to revisit lame material having something about it of the boorish, drunken frat boy imagining that he's the life of the party".〔Courleonis, Adrian, ("Polonia, overture for orchestra in C major" ) on Allmusic website, accessed 7 March 2015〕
The composer's manuscript of his piano arrangement of the score is in the Stefan Zweig Collection at the British Library. Zweig acquired the manuscript from a dealer in Vienna in 1937.〔("Zweig MS 106" ) on British Library website, accessed 12 March 2014.〕
==Notes==
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